Rutin + Vitamin C

Rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) is a bioflavonoid glycoside found in buckwheat, citrus rind, and capers that works in classical biochemical synergy with Vitamin C. Rutin chelates iron and copper ions, preventing them from catalysing Fenton-reaction hydroxyl radical formation that degrades Vitamin C and damages vascular endothelium. Simultaneously, Vitamin C regenerates the rutin radical back to its active antioxidant form, creating a mutually regenerative antioxidant pair that substantially extends the effective half-life of both molecules. Rutin inhibits PLCγ1 — the enzyme responsible for platelet aggregation triggering — and inhibits protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) involved in thrombosis initiation. Clinical studies confirm rutin strengthens capillary walls and reduces venous insufficiency symptoms.